RESUMO
Background: Poisonings is a preventable public health problem that globally affects the population. We aimed to characterize drug-related acute poisonings occurred in Chile between the years of 2016 and 2020. Methods: A retrospective study of poisonings among hospitalized patients was carried out. Data were obtained from the Medical Outcome Statistical Report database. Inclusion criteria were cases of patients admitted into either public or private healthcare settings with diagnosis of drug-related poisoning according to the WHO ICD-10 codes T30-T50. Statistical analyses were run to establish either significant associations or differences between variables selected in the study. Results: Overall, 12,975 poisonings were identified during the 2016-2020 period. These events corresponded to 0.16% of all national hospital admissions in the study period. Women represented 71.1% of the cases. 76.7% of events were related to intentional poisonings while 7.3% and 16% were accidental and undetermined poisonings respectively. 44.6% of accidental and intentional poisonings occurred at the age of 18-29 yr old. Benzodiazepines (22.8%), antidepressants (11.2%), and acetaminophen (5.1) were the most common drugs associated with poisonings. Average length of hospitalization was between 3.3 and 8.2 days. 0.6% of poisonings resulted in deaths. Conclusion: Poisonings were characterized by patients' sex and age, circumstance of exposure, length of hospitalization, and outcome. Poisoning rates were stable along the years with a slight decrease in 2020. Intentional poisonings among young women and men were more common. Most of the cases had favorable outcome for patients.
RESUMO
[Extracto]. Al editor: Los autores queremos hacer un llamado de atención a la comunidad sobre un tema de salud pública que silenciosamente afecta a todos los seres vivos. Se trata de la presencia de contaminantes emergentes (CE) (ej. plaguicidas, cosméticos, nanomateriales, fármacos, entre otros) en el medioambiente. Los CE se caracterizan por su persistencia, bioconcentración, bioacumulación, biomagnificación, y movilidad ambiental. Los efectos de los CE sobre la salud humana y otros seres vivos es motivo de estudio desde hace poco tiempo, por ello en latinoamérica mayormente no se dispone de normativa legal que regule este tema. En países como, Brasil, Canadá, España, Francia, Inglaterra, Portugal y Uruguay se han realizado investigaciones que determinan la presencia de algunos CE en la entrada y salida de las plantas depuradoras de aguas servidas, demostrándose que no es posible su completa eliminación. El problema radica en que se desconoce su toxicidad y la de sus metabolitos, que en ocasiones es mayor. Entre los CE detectados en estos estudios, destacan los siguientes fármacos: carbamazepina, atenolol, sulfadiazina, paracetamol, eritromicina, ácido salicílico, diclofenaco, ibuprofeno, 17 β-estradiol, progesterona y levonorgestrel.
Assuntos
Resíduos de Drogas , Poluentes Ambientais , Farmacologia , Meio Ambiente e Saúde Pública , Poluição da Água , Poluição Química da Água , Indústria FarmacêuticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student (UWES-S) has been extensively applied in different countries to assess engagement in students, but there are discrepancies about its factor structure outcomes. To analyse the factor structure of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student as construct validity evidence and reliability in medical students. METHODS: The non-experimental cross-sectional study was conducted at the public-sector University of Concepción in the Bio-Bio region in central Chile at the end of the first academic semester, between July and August 2017, and comprised students of health science undergraduate degree programmes in Medicine, Kinesiology, Pharmacy, and Speech and Language Therapy. Data was collected using a sociodemographic proforma and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student. The subjects were randomly divided into groups A and B. With group A, exploratory factor analysis was performed using the method of extraction of the main axis analysis. With group B, confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method. Data was analysed using STATA 11 SE. RESULTS: Of the 898 students, 538(59.91%) were females and 360(40.09%) were males. The overall mean age was 21.29±2.51 years (range: 17-34 years). Two factors, 'involvement with studies' and 'enthusiasm for the career', with eigenvalues 7.59 and 1.18 were identified with the potential to explain majority of the total variance of items. Comparative fit index, Tucker-Lewis index and the root mean square error of approximation showed the solution having the best fit. CONCLUSIONS: Involvement with studies and enthusiasm for career were found to be critical factors, but did not show adequate adjustment even though confirmatory factor analysis found this to be the solution with the best fit.
